First most EVs priced at $40,000 and below use LFP batteries. No cobalt or nickel, expected life 1,200,000 miles. The leading producer upgraded their LFP battery in 2023 to 10% higher range, wider temperature range and now supports fast charge of 250 miles in 10 minutes. Most auto vendors in the U.S. can use the Tesla charging system in 2024 and will offer the Tesla standard in their 2025 models plus will build out more fast charging stations.

The EV technology is continuously improving. Before writing on this topic update to what is the current best of class in production and note the short term trends for the next five years. That way folks will have a better estimate on what the experience will be.